Historia Regum Britanniae
Geoffrey of Monmouth · 1136 · Philosophical Text
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It created the foundational narrative and characters for the Arthurian legend, providing the raw material that later authors like Chrétien de Troyes would build upon.
What it is
This pseudo-historical chronicle purports to trace the history of Britain from its Trojan origins to the Anglo-Saxon invasions, notably introducing Arthur as a heroic king. It established many key figures and events of the Arthurian legend, though without Lancelot or courtly love.
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